EXPLAIN TOPOLOGY OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Topology

Topology on a computer network is a term used to describe how the computers connected in a network. The physical topology outlines the actual layout of the network hardware, topology logic describe the behavior of a computer on the network, from the viewpoint of its human operator. And any kind of computer network topology will differ in terms of data transfer speed, cost of manufacture, as well as its ease of maintenance processes. As well as any type of computer network topology has advantages and disadvantages of each.

BUS Topology

BUS Topology

This layout includes the general layout. One primary cables to connect each node, a single channel to access the computer end on end. Each node is connected to two other nodes, except the engine at one end of the cable, each of which is only connected to one other node. In other words buses organized as a queue and use only one coaxial cable and each computer connected to the cable using BNC connectors, and both ends of the coaxial cable to be terminated by a terminator. The network operating system recorded a unique electronic address for each node, and process flow information based on this addressing scheme. This topology is often found on client / server system, where one of the machines on the network set up as a file server, which means that the machine is dedicated solely for the dissemination of the data file, and are not usually used for information processing.

Advantages

1. For the proper functioning of any computer network does not need to be run
2. Cable used is not a lot and saves installation costs

Deficiency :

1. Because each traffic information is only used one cable, then the performance is sometimes a bit slow

if there is disruption or problems on one computer can disrupt other computer networks, and for this topology is very difficult to detect disturbances, frequent occurrence of data queue, and if the distance is too far away to be using repeaters

Ring Topology

Ring Topology

This layout is similar to the bus, except vertices are connected in a loop by using the cable segment. In this layout, each node is physically connected only to two other nodes. Each node sends the information to the next node, until arriving at the intended target. Performance on this system can be faster because each part of the wiring system just to handle the flow of data between two machines. This type of topology can be found in the peer-to-peer, where each machine manages the information processing and dissemination of data files.

Advantages :

1. Performance on this system can be faster
2. the ease of installation and the installation process, the amount of the lan cable slightly thus saving costs

Deficiency :

1. Each computer must be running to activate the network
2. If one of the computers or its cable problematic, then the data transmission will be interrupted even error

Star Topology

Star Topology

All computers connected to a hub or switch with a UTP cable, so that the hub / switch was the center of the network and served to control data traffic, so if the computer 1 wants to send data to the computer 4, the data will be sent to the switch and immediately send it to the destination computer without passing through another computer. Computer network opology is the most widely used today because of its advantages more. This topology has the advantage in terms of the minimum data traffic over a cable (only node-to-server), in order to achieve optimal performance. But because the machine must coordinate all data communications, means this topology requires a file server is a very powerful (and expensive), plus an additional cable.

Advantages :

1. Installation and maintenance cost
2. Very easy to detect where the computer is broken, it is easy to perform addition or subtraction without disturbing the other computer, as well as the level of security a higher data

Deficiency :

1. Less reliable
2. Requires a high cost for installation, as it requires a lot of wires and switches / hubs and network stability is highly dependent on the central terminal, so that if the switch / hub impaired, then the entire network will be disrupted


Mesh Topology




Mesh Topology


In this topology each computer will be connected to another computer in the network using a single cable, so the data transmission process will directly reach the destination computer without going through another computer or a switch or hub.

Advantages :
Delivery process faster and without going through another machine, if a computer crashes will not interfere with other computers.

Deficiency :
Takes up very much cost because it requires enormous amount of wiring and each computer must have a Port I / O are many, besides the installation process is very complicated.

Tree topology




Tree Topology


Computer network topology Tree is a combination of some of the star topologies by connecting the bus topology, so any star topology will be connected to a star topology the other using a bus topology, usually in this topology there are several levels of network, and the network is at a higher level can control network which is at a lower level.

Advantages :
easily find a fault and also easily make changes to the network if necessary

Deficiency
Using many wires, frequent crashes and slow, if something goes wrong on the network level is high, then low-level network will be disrupted as well.