Speaking of land, humans, animals and plants mostly live on land. This is because most living things live on land. As a living place of living beings, the land has many visible features on it. The forms of appearance on the surface of this land can be hollow or bulge. This is a diversity of forms from the land. One form of the surface of the land is a mountain.
Mount is one of the apparitions on the mainland. Regarding the mountain itself, surely we already know together that the mountain is a huge bulge that exist in the mainland. The mountain is either active or inactive. The active volcano is a mountain that can still experience symptoms of eruption. While the inactive mountain is a mountain that can not experience the process of eruption. Speaking of this mountain, there is a wide range of highly related activities. One of the activities that is closely related to the mountain or Earth is volcanism. In this article we will discuss about volcanism, about what is volcanism and even the types of volcanism itself.
Volcanism
Volcanism is one of the most commonly heard words. At the time we are in school even we have often learned it. Volcanism is certainly an activity that is closely related to the Earth and also the mountains. We will discuss about volcanism in this article. To begin the discussion of volcanism, we will begin with the notion of volcanism itself. volcanism is an event associated with volcanic activity, namely the movement of magma from within the lithosphere that infiltrated into the upper layer or to the surface of the Earth. In other words all the mountainous events with magma that come out to reach the Earth's surface through cracks in the Earth's crust or through a central ribbon called the canal passageway or diatrema.
In the lithosphere, magma occupies a magma pouch called a magma kitchen or also called batholit. This magma kitchen is in varying depths in the Earth's abdomen. There is a magma kitchen that is in a very deep depth, but there is also a magma kitchen that is located close to the surface of the Earth. The depth of the magma kitchen is the cause of the difference in volcanic eruption power that occurs. In general, the deeper the magma kitchen from the surface of the earth then the eruption that occurs will also be stronger. The duration of volcanic activity sourced from magma is determined by the size of the volume in the magma kitchen. And the magma chamber is the source of the volcanic activity that takes place. The magma that exits up to the surface of the Earth is called degan lava. Magma can move up because it has a high temperature and also contains gases that have enough energy to be able to push the rocks above it.
That is the understanding of volcanism that is often associated with various mountainous activities. We can conclude that the meaning of volcanism is the activity of magma that comes out to reach the surface of the Earth. This suggests that most of the mountainous events are strongly associated with volcanism.
Results Of Volcanism
Volcanism is an event that is closely related to the Earth and also the mountains. Volcanism is a large-scale event. The event of volcanism is an event that can produce various forms. The results of this volcanism include two forms. The results of this volcanism include intrusion as well as extrusion of magma. The explanation of each result of volcanism is as follows:
1. Magma Intrusion
The result of the first volcanism is magma intrusion. What is meant by magma intrusion is a magma breakthrough activity into the lithosphere layers but the magma breakthrough does not reach the surface of the Earth. So in this magma intrusion activity we will not be able to watch it because it happens in the bowels of Earth. And by this magma intrusion event is not found lava, because the magma that came out did not reach to the surface of the Earth. The symptoms of magma intrusion can be divided into five kinds. Various kinds of magma intrusions are as follows:
a. Batolith
The shape or type of the first magma intrusion is batolith. Batolites are igneous rocks (read also: sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks) that are confined in magma kitchens. This batolit is formed as a result of a very slow temperature drop.
b. Lakolit
The type or form of the second magma intrusion is lakolite. What is meant by lakolit that is a magma that infiltrated between layers of rocks that cause layers of rock above it to be lifted so that it will resemble a convex lens. While the surface above it remains flat or flat.
c. Sill
The next form of magma intrusion is Sill. Sill is a thin layer of magma that creeps between layers of rock beneath the Earth's surface. Yes, because magma intrusion itself is a term that describes the activities of materials that exist beneath the surface of the Earth.
d. Diatrema
The next form of magma intrusion or the fourth is diatherma. Diatherma is a rock that fills the pipe eruption. The eruption pipe itself has a cylindrical shape, which starts from the magma kitchen to the surface of the Earth. We can imagine how long this pipe eruption.
Eruption pipe is also a road or a connecting link between the magma in the magma kitchen with the surface of the Earth. This eruption pipe is usually located inside an active volcano. This pipe is an elongated tube that comes from the magma kitchen to penetrate the mouth of the volcano, and when the magma comes out it is called an eruption.
e. Intrusion of Excavation Or Alley
Excavation or the so-called alley is a rock of magma intrusion that cuts layers of lithosphere in the form of flat or plate-shaped.
d. Apolysis
Apolysis is a term for a kind of offshoot of coral intrusions, also known as gang intrusions, but smaller in size or branches of magma of small size or often referred to as magmatic veins.
Itulah bentuk- bentuk dari intrusi magma. Selanjutnya ada hasil vulkanisme yang kedua disebut dengan ekstrusi magma. Penjelasan mengenai ekstrusi magma akan dijelaskan selanjutnya.
2. Magma Extrusion
The result of subsequent volcanism is magma extrusion. Extrusion of magma is the process of escaping the magma from within the Earth and to the surface of the Earth. The difference between intrusion and extrusion of magma is the attainment of the outward magma. If magma intrusion, magma does not reach the surface of the Earth. But the extrusion of magma, magma has reached the surface of the Earth. This extrusion of magma activity will release various materials. Some of the materials extracted from the magma extrusion activity include:
- Lava, the magma that comes out to the Earth's surface and flows to the Earth's surface.
- Lahar, which is a mixture of lava material and also materials found on the surface of the Earth in the form of sand, gravel or even dust with water to form mud.
- Eflata and pyroclastics, ie solid materials such as bombs, lapillas, gravel, and also volcanic ash.
- Ekshalasi or gas, the material in the form of charcoal gases, such as fumaroles ie water vapor and oxygen), solfatar or sulfur gas source, and mofet gas of charcoal.
That is some material that is removed from the activity of extrusion of magma. Regarding extrusion of magma is synonymous with eruption or volcanic eruption. The eruption of this volcano can be divided into two kinds, namely:
- Effusive eruption, an eruption in the form of lava melt through cracks or crater holes of a volcano.
- Explosive eruption, which is eruption in the form of explosion by removing solid materials or eflata in the form of bomb, lapili, kerikir and also volcanic ash along with gas and also fluid.
That is a brief explanation of the extrusion of magma. From the above explanation we have known the explanation of intrusion as well as extrusion of magma, including effusive and explosive eruptions. And that is also an explanation of the notion of volcanism and also some things related to volcanism itself. Hopefully this watertikel useful.
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